辞書と用語集 (Jisho to yogo-shu)
Dictionary And Glossary
Practicing a Japanese martial art is not just a physical activity but also about philosophy, with this in mind a person should need to understand the terms and the language used within the Art.
Aikido uses a perticular set of Japanese words and terms to describe its activities, techniques and exercises this glossary will help understand some of it.
Japanese is made of words 単語篇 (Tango) and numbers番号(Bango) which are written in a combination of 3 written forms Kanji, Hiragana and Katakana. The approximate pronounciation for english is called romaji.
Japanese alphabet has :
14 consonants (k, s, t, n, h, m, y, r, w, g, z, d, b, p)
5 vowels (a, e, i, o, u)
But are only the vowels and n can be pronounced/ written individually, all other syllables, are made up of 1 consonant and 1 vowel.
Pronouncing the syllables is done with equal stresses but the sounds of the vowels are like this: There are no silent letters.
A pronounced the same as cat
E pronounced the same as egg
I pronounced the same as the vowel sound in seat
o pronounced the same as pot
u pronounced the same as put
ai pronounced the same as the vowel sound wine
ae pronounced “ah eh”
ei pronounced same as the vowel sound way
The main uses of hiragana are to aide pronouncing written words and to modify kanji to create verbs and adjectives and grammar.
When it was first developed, hiragana was not accepted by everyone. The educated or elites preferred to use only the kanji system, it was used by women, then Hiragana was used for unofficial writing such as personal letters, later they were combined into one set. The modern hiragana syllabary consists of 46 base characters:
- 5 singular vowels
- 40 consonant–vowel unions
- 1 singular consonant
- Daikuten: Some consonants can be modified to produce another set of syllable k to g, ts/s to z, t to d, h to b and ch/sh to j indicated by “ mark
- Handakuten : changing the h to a p indicated by ° mark
- yōon: Changes the i sound into a long y sound where it is followed by ya, yu, yo these 3 characters are written smaller
- sokuon: these create double consonant sounds it is used in all except the na, ni, ne, no, nu which are modified by n. These sounds are marked with a small tsu っ
- Wo is often pronounced “o”, and when ha is a particle is pronounced wa; wi and we are considered obsolete.
The main uses of katakana is for transcription of foreign words(called gairaigo . Similarly, katakana is usually used for country names, foreign places, and foreign personal names, sometimes also for Japanese company names.
When it was first developed, Katakana was used for official writings such as government letters, from China. Like the modern hiragana syllabalry consists of the same 46 base characters:
- 5 singular vowels
- 42 consonant–vowel unions
- 1 singular consonant
- Daikuten: Some consonants can be modified to produce another set of syllable k to g, ts/s to z, t to d, h to b and ch/sh to j indicated by “ mark
- Handakuten : changing the h to a p indicated by ° mark
- yōon: Changes the i sound into a long y sound where it is followed by ya, yu, yo these 3 characters are written smaller
- sokuon: these create double consonant sounds it is used in all except the na, ni, ne, no, nu which are modified by n. These sounds are marked with a small tsu ッ
- chōonpu: This is a modifier elongating vowel sounds marked by short line ー following the direction of the text
- Wo is often pronounced “o”, and written as hiragana を
Kanji is a wide used written language composed of iconographs there are over 85,000 though the commonest are about 3000 in number and many more combinations. For this reason we wont go int a lot of detail here just some background.
The Japanese had no written language when Chinese started trading so their characters were introduced. For a long time texts were written and read only in Chinese.
Later, the Japanese speakers restructured the Chinese sentence characters and added particles and verb endings, in accordance with the rules of Japanese grammar, some characters were used for their sounds rather than meaning to fit spoken Japanese.
As kanji is not phonetic based it can be difficult to learn at first. indeed the characters may not only have different meanings but different sounds. The reading meaning is called “kun yomi” and the sound meaning “on yomi”. This is why when translating martial arts terms some of the meanings sound different this is common in counting.
As with other kanji there are 2 pronounciations for Japanese numbers
Kanji | on yomi | kun yomi | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|---|
零 | rei | zero | zero |
一 | ichi | hito | one |
二 | ni | futa | two |
三 | san | mitsu | three |
四 | shi | yon | four |
五 | go | itsu | five |
六 | rokku | mu | six |
七 | shichi | nana | seven |
八 | hachi | yaa | eight |
九 | kyu | kokono | nine |
十 | jyu | tou | ten |
十一 | jyu-ichi |
| eleven |
十二 | jyu-ni |
| twelve |
二十 | ni-jyu |
| twenty |
二十一 | ni-jyu-ichi |
| twenty one |
百 | hyaku | momo | one hundred |
千 | sen | chi | one thousand |
万 | man | yorozu | ten thousand |
Common Japanese Phrases And Commands Terms
Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|
domo arigato | thank you |
domo arigato goziama.shita | thank you for that |
hai | yes |
hai dozo | go ahead |
hijime | start/ Begin |
kon.ban.wa | good evening |
kotae | answer/ swap |
kon.nichi.wa | hello |
mo.ichida.onagai.shimasu | One More Time Please |
ona.gai.shimasu | please |
do itashimashite | You Are Welcome |
ohayo gozaimasu | good morning |
subarashi | excellent |
yorushiku onegaishimasu | Pleased to meet you |
sumi.masen/ gomen na.sai | sorry |
rei | bow |
yamae | stop |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing parts of the body which are related to martial techniques.
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
足首 | ashi.kubi | Ankle |
腕 | ude | Arm |
体 | karada/ tai | Body |
胸 | mune | Chest |
肘 | hiji | Elbow |
指 | yubi | Finger |
足 | ashi | Foot/ Ankle |
手 | te | Hand |
頭 | atama | Head |
面 | men | Face/ Surface |
踵 | kakato | Heel |
首 | kubi | Neck |
肩 | kata | Shoulder |
膝 | hiza | Knee |
腹 | hara | Belly/ Abdomen |
腹 | koshi | Waist |
手首 | te.kubi | Wrist |
袖 | sode | Sleeve |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing relative positions and movement directions which are related to martial techniques.
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
合う | ai | Matched/ Mutual |
捻る | choku | Direct/ Straightforward |
八方 | Ha.ppo | All (eight) Directions |
逆 | gyaku | opposite/ Reverse |
左 | hidari | Left |
右 | migi | Right |
抑 | kae.shi | Reverse |
越す | ko.su | Cross over |
間合い | ma.ai | Interval/ Martial Distance |
前 | mae | Front/ Forward |
回る | mawa.ri | Spin/ Rotate |
回し | mawa.shi | Round/ Circular Motion |
斜め | nana.me | Diagonal/ Slanting |
表 | omote | Visible Side/ Surface |
左右 | sa.yu | Left-Right Motion |
四方 | shi.ho | Four Directions/ Square |
死角 | shi.kaku | dead angle/ Blind Spot |
正面 | sho.men | Front Face |
側面 | soku.men | flank/ Lateral |
外 | soto | outside |
隅 | sumi | corner |
内 | uchi | inside |
裏 | ura | hidden side/ behind |
後ろ | ushi.ro | Back/ Behind/ Rear |
横後 | yoko.men | side Face |
前後 | zen.go | Forward-Backward Motion |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji terms found in the practices, training and exercises in Aikido and some general Japanese martial arts practices.
稽古 (Keiko) Practice & Training Terms
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
合わせ | a.wa.se | Blending/ Harmonizing |
動作 | do.sa | Action/ Movement |
合掌 | ga.sho | Unite Palms (pray) |
法 | ho | Method/ Rule/ Law/ Principle |
形 | kata | Form / Shape |
稽古 | kei.ko | Practice/ Training |
魂の稽古 | kon.no.kei.ko | “Diamond” yang/ Solid Training |
柔の稽古 | juu.no.kei.ko | “willow” soft/ flexible Training |
流の稽古 | ryu.no.kei.ko | “water” fluid/ free Training |
気の稽古 | ki.no.kei.ko | “air” energy/ spirit Training |
気 | ki | Energy, Spirit |
基本 | ki.hon | Basics/ Fundamentals |
瞑想 | mei.so | Meditation |
目潰し | me.tsubu.shi | Distracting The Eyes |
目付 | me.tsuke | Eye Contact/ Gaze |
禊 | misogi | purification |
黙想 | moku.so | Silent Meditation |
無心 | mu.shin | empty mind, innocence |
守破離 | shu.ha.ri | obey, digress, separate. the three stages from learning to mastery |
礼 | rei | bow |
礼式 | rei.shi.ki | etiquette |
捌き | saba.ki | Handling (Of Something) |
体操 | tai.so | “body hardening”, body improvement exercise |
技 | waza | technique/ skill |
残心 | zanshin | remaining mind |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji terms found in the practices, training and exercises in Aikido and some general Japanese martial arts practices.
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
舟漕ぎ運動 | fune.ko.gi.undo | boat rowing exercise |
天の鳥船の御 | ame.no.tori. fune.no.gyo | heavenly bird ship |
振り魂の御 | furi.tama.no.gyo | Soul shaking |
準備体操 | junbi.taiso | Warm up exercises |
鏡開き | kagami.bira.ki | opening the mirror New Year ceremony |
基本動作 | ki.hon.dosa | basic movements |
言霊 | koto.dama | Chanted Words |
瞑想法 | mei.so.ho | Meditation Practice |
座禅 | za.zen | Sitting Meditation |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing attacks holds and attack directions and dynamics.
持つ (Mochi) Hold & Application Terms
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
引き | hi.ki | Pulling |
捻る | hine.ri | Twist |
絡み | kara.mi | Tie-up, Entangle, Bind |
固め | kata.me | Harden/ Stablize/ Fix/ Pin |
持つ | mo.chi | Hold/ Take/ Carry |
落とし | o.to.shi | Fall/ Drop/ Lose |
抑 | osa.e | Push/ Press |
応用 | ou.yo | Application/ Applied |
絞め | shi.me | Squeeze, Strangle, Lock |
擦り | su.ri | Rub, Graze, Scrape |
伸ばす | noba.shi | Extend |
二人取り | futa.ri.dori | technique with two opponents |
二人取り掛れ | ni nin dori futa.ri.ga.re | technique with two opponents holding |
三人取り | mitsu.ri.dori | technique with three opponents |
三人取り掛れ | san nin dori mitsu.ri.ga.re | technique with three opponents holding |

Kanji, Words and phrases describing attacks holds and attack directions and dynamics.

当たる (Atari) Striking Attack Terms
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
当み |
ate.mi |
“hit body”, A body strike |
中段突き |
chuu dan tsu.ki |
middle thrusting strike |
下段突き |
ge dan tsu.ki |
lower thrusting strike |
上段突き |
jo dan tsu.ki |
upper thrusting strike |
蹴る |
ke.ri |
kick |
気合 |
ki.ai |
fighting spirit/ vocal strike |
切り |
ki.ri |
cut |
正面打ち |
sho.men.u.chi |
direct “straight face” strike |
突き |
tsu.ki |
thrusting strike |
打ち |
u.chi |
strikes |
横面打ち |
yoko.men.uchi |
“side face” strike |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing postures and stances and relative positions use in martial practices.
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
胡座 | a.gu.ra | Barbaric Sitting/ Foreign Sitting |
安座 | an.za | sitting cross legged |
正座 | sei.za | Formal/ Properly Seated |
跪座 | ki.za | Kneeling on the balls of the feet. |
半座 | han.za | half seated/ kneeling up |
土下座 | do.ge.za | kneeling prostate bowing position |
居合腰 | i.ai.goshi | hip lowered posture “Relationship Hips” |
蹲踞 | son.kyo | crouch/ squatting |
座る | suwari/ suwatte | sitting/ sat |
立て膝 | tatte.hiza | raised knee/ outside kneeling |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing postures and stances and relative positions use in martial practices.
立ち位置 (Tachi Ichi) Standing Position Terms
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
左構え | hadari kama.e | left “face-off” stance |
半身 | han.mi | half body |
構え | kama.e | “face-off” stance/ ready |
騎馬立 | kiba dachi | straddle/ horse stance |
右構え | migi kama.e | right “face-off” stance |
閉足立 | Heisoku-dachi | Feet together stance |
平行立 | Heikō-dachi | parallel stance |
自然体 | Shi.zen.tai | natural posture |
立結び | musu.bi dachi | knot stance |
立 | Tatte/ Tachi | Stand/ Rise |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing postures and stances and relative positions use in martial practices.
相対位置 (sotai ichi) Relative Position Terms
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
合半身 | ai.han.mi | same/ mutual stance |
逆半身 | gyaku.han.mi | reverse/ mirrored stance |
半身半立ち | han.mi han.dachi | Half Facing Stance Where Half are standing |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing body movement used in martial practices.
足捌き(Ashi Sabaki) Foot Movements Terms
All foot moves can be performed mae 前 (forward) & ushiro 後 (backward)
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
歩み足 | ayu.mi ashi | natural walk |
踏み替え足 | fu.mi.ka.e ashi | foot switch |
入身足 | iri.mi ashi | entering body step |
回転足 | kai.ten ashi | rotation on the feet |
送り足 | oku.ri ashi | sending foot slide |
表三角足 | omote san.kaku ashi | Forward triangle foot movement |
膝行 | shi.kko | “knee go” samurai knee walking |
側面足 | soko.men ashi | side facing step |
擦る足 | su.ri ashi | Skimming step |
転換足 | ten.kan ashi | rotating pivot step |
転身足 | ten.shin ashi | moving 45 degrees off line |
次足 | tsu.gi ashi | following foot slide |
運足 | unsoku | foot movements |
裏三角足 | ura.san.kaku ashi | reverse triangle step |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing body movement used in martial practices.
手捌き(Te Sabaki) Hand Movement Terms
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
小回し | ko mawa.shi | small rotation |
大回し | O mawa.shi | large rotation |
外回し | soto mawa.shi | outer rotation |
外返し | soto gae.shi | outside reverse |
手刀 | te.gatana | hand sword |
内返し | uchi gae.shi | inside reverse |
内回し | uchi mawa.shi | inner rotation |
Kanji, Words and phrases describing falls and rolls used in martial practices.
受け身 (uke.mi) Receiving With The Body
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
直と前受け身 | choku.to mae u.ke.mi | Direct Forward Breakfall |
半転受け身 | han.ten ushiro uke.mi | Half Turn Backwards Breakfall |
前方回転前受け身 | zen.po kai.ten mae uke.mi | Forward Roll |
反転回転前受け身 | Hanten kai.ten ushi.ro uke.mi | Backward Roll |
横回転前受け身 | yoko.kai.ten uke.mi | Sideways Roll |
飛ぶ受け身 | tobu uke.mi | Flying Breakfall |
横受け身 | yoko uke.mi | Side Breakfall |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for solo exercises common to Aikido.
単独動作 (Tandoku Dousa) Solo Exercises
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
歩身足運動 | ayu.mi ashi undo | normal step exercise |
八方切運動 | hap.po giri undo | eight direction cut exercise |
一教呼吸運動 | ikkyo kokyu undo | first principle breath exercise |
入身足運動 | iri.mi ashi undo | entering step exercise |
入身法 | iri.mi ho | entering exercise |
後方転回足運動 | koho ten.kai ashi undo (ten.kan ho) | backward rotating exercise |
正座法 | sei.za ho | standing and sitting exercise |
四方切運動 | shi.ho giri undo | four direction cut exercise |
膝行法 | shikko ho | knee walk exercise |
正面打運動 | sho.men.uchi undo | direct cut exercise |
次足運動 | tsu.gi ashi undo | foot sliding exercise |
突き運動 | tsu.ki undo | punch exercise |
横面打運動 | yoko.men.uchi undo | side cut exercise |
前方転回足運動 | zenpo ten.kai ashi undo (iri.mi ten.kan ho) | forward rotating exercise |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for paired exercises common to Aikido.
相対動作 (Sotai Dousa) Paired Exercises
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
前両手取り転換法 | mae ryo.te dori ten.kan ho | front both hand rotation exercise |
諸手取り重心の移動 | morote dori jushin no ido | two hand wrist hold body shift exercise |
諸手取り呼吸力全身養成法 | morote dori kokyu rokyu zenshin yosei ho | two hand wrist hold breath & elbow power Exercise |
表背伸運動 | omote hai.shin undo | forward back stretch exercise |
表立技片手取り呼吸法 | omote tachi waza kata.te dori kokyu ho | forward breath power practice one handed standing exercise |
側面背伸運動 |
sokumen hai.shin undo
|
sideways entry back stretch exercise
|
側面立技片手取り呼吸法 |
sokumen tachi waza kata.te dori kokyu ho
|
sideway breath power practice one handed standing exercise
|
座り技両手取り呼吸法 | suwari waza ryo.te dori kokyu ho | both wrist hold breath power exercise |
座り技両手取り握り法 | suwari waza ryo.te dori ni.giri ho | both wrist hold exercise |
体の内転換法 | tai.no uchi ten.kan ho (iri.mi ho) | inward body turn exercise |
裏背伸運動 | ura hai.shin undo | outward body turn exercise |
裏立技片手取り呼吸法 | ura tachi waza kata te dori kokyu ho | backward breath power practice one handed standing exercise |
後ろ両手取り転換法 | ushiro ryo.te dori ten.kan ho | back both hand rotation exercise |

The names and pronunciation and Kanji for Aikido techniques which involve holds, pins and applications.
固め技 Kata.me Waza / 関節技Kansetsu Waza
Hold & Control Techniques
All waza can be performed mae (forward) & ushiro (backward) Also Tachi Waza (Standing), Sawari Waza (Sitting), Hanmi Handachi (1 Stood, 1 Sat)
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
第一教 | dai.ik.kyo | First Principle/ Lesson |
腕押さえ | ude o.sa.e | arm control |
第二教 | dai.ni.kyo | Second Principle/ Lesson |
小手回し | kote mawashi | Forearm Turn |
第三教 | dai.san.kyo | Third Principle/ Lesson |
小手捻り |
kote hineri
|
Forearm Twist
|
第四教 |
dai.yon.kyo |
Fourth
Principle/ Lesson |
小手押さえ | kote o.sa.e | Forearm Control |
第五教 | dai.go.kyo | Fifth Principle/ Lesson |
腕伸ばす | ude noba.shi | Arm Extending |
第六教 | dai.rok.kyo | Sixth Principle/ Lesson |
肘極め押さえ | hiji kime osae | elbow focus control |
腕挫二教 | ude hishigi nikkyo | elbow twist second principal |
四方投げ | shi.ho na.ge | Throw Of 4 cardinal points |
小手返し | ko.te gae.shi | small hand return |
肩固め | kata gata.me | arm immobilze |
腕絡み投げ十字 投げ | ude gara.mi na.ge ju.ji na.ge | arm entangle number ten shape throw |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for Aikido techniques which involve Advanced Techniques such as Breath Power Techniques.
呼吸投げ 技 Ko.kyu.Na.ge Waza
Breathing Power Throw Techniques
All waza can be performed mae (forward) & ushiro (backward) Also Tachi Waza (Standing), Sawari Waza (Sitting), Hanmi Handachi (1 Stood, 1 Sat)
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
入り身呼吸投げ | iri.mi ko.kyu na.ge | entering breath throw |
入り身転換呼吸投げ | iri.mi ten.kan ko.kyu na.ge | entering turn breath throw |
入り身回転呼吸投げ | iri.mi kai.ten ko.kyu na.ge | entering pivot breath throw |
外回転呼吸投げ | soto kai.ten ko.kyu na.ge | outside pivot breath throw |
内回転呼吸投げ | uchi kai.ten ko.kyu na.ge | inside pivot breath throw |
転換呼吸投げ | ten.kan ko.kyu na.ge | turning breath throw |
後ろ呼吸投げ | ushi.ro ko.kyu na.ge | reverse direction breath throw |
側面呼吸投げ | soku.men ko.kyu na.ge | flanking breath throw |
転換継ぎ足呼吸投げ | ten.kan tsugi.ashi ko.kyu na.ge | turning and slide step breath throw |
肩車呼吸投げ | Kata guruma ko.kyu na.ge | shoulder wheel breath throw |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for Aikido techniques which involve Advanced Techniques such as Hip Throw Techniques.
腰投げ 技 Koshi.Na.ge Waza Hip Throw Techniques
Almost All waza can be performed mae (forward) & ushiro (backward) Also Tachi Waza (Standing), Sawari Waza (Sitting), Hanmi Handachi (1 Stood, 1 Sat)
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
入り身腰投げ | iri.mi koshi na.ge | entering hip throw |
内回転腰投げ | uchi kai.ten koshi na.ge | inward pivot hip throw |
外回転腰投げ | soto kai.ten koshi na.ge | outward pivot hip throw |
大腰投げ | o go.shi na.ge | Big hip throw |
後ろ腰投げ | ushi.ro ko.shi na.ge | reverse hip throw |
はじき腰投げ | ha.ji.ki ko.shi na.ge | Flicking Hip Throw |
釣込腰投げ | tsuri komi ko.shi na.ge | lifting pull hip throw |
小手捻り腰投げ | kote-hineri koshi-nage | forearm twist hip throw |
転換継ぎ足呼吸投げ | ten.kan tsugi.ashi ko.kyu na.ge | turning and slide step breath throw |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for Aikido techniques which involve Standard Throws, some are akin to Judo Techniques.
固め技 Na.ge Waza Throw Techniques
All waza can be performed mae (forward) & ushiro (backward) Also Tachi Waza (Standing), Sawari Waza (Sitting), Hanmi Handachi (1 Stood, 1 Sat)
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
引き | ten.chi na.ge | heaven & earth throw |
捻る | omote iri.mi na.ge | Direct Entering Body Throw |
搦み | ura iri.mi na.ge | Indirect Entering Body Throw |
側面 | soku.men iri.mi na.ge | Flanking Entering Body Throw |
持つ | soto kai.ten na.ge | outward pivot turn throw |
落とし | uchi kai.ten na.ge | inward pivot turn throw |
腕極め投げ十字 投げ | ude ki.me na.ge ju.ji na.ge | arm extend number ten shape throw |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for Aikido techniques which involve Dropping partner, some are akin to Judo Techniques.
落とし技 Oto.shi Waza Drop Techniques
All waza can be performed mae (forward) & ushiro (backward) Also Tachi Waza (Standing), Sawari Waza (Sitting), Hanmi Handachi (1 Stood, 1 Sat)
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
合気落とし | aiki oto.shi | blending drop |
隅落とし | sumi oto.shi | Corner Drop |
切り落とし | ki.ri oto.shi | cutting Drop |
浮き落とし | u.ki oto.shi | Sweeping/ Floating Drop |
巻き落とし | ma.ki oto.shi | Twisting/ roll up Drop |
肩ひき落とし | kata hi.ki oto.shi | Shoulder Pull Drop |
擦る落とし | suri oto.shi | Striking Drop |
背負落とし | Seoi oto.shi | Shoulder Drop |
体落とし | Tai oto.shi | Body Drop |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for parts of a martial arts practice place.
道場/ 演武場 Dojo / Enbujo Training Place Terms
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
道場 | dou.jou | “Way Place” Practice hall |
演舞場 | en.bu.jou | Demonstration Area |
合宿 | ga.shu.ku | Training Camp/ lodging |
玄関 | gen.kan | entrance/ foyer |
本部 | hon.bu | head office |
上席 | jou.seki | upper seat/ senior |
掛け軸 | kake.jiku | Hanging Scroll |
神棚 | kami.dana | heaven shelf/ altar |
上座 | kami.za/ jou.za | heaven/ top seat |
館 | kan | hall/ building |
稽古場 | keiko.jou | Training Area |
名札 掛け | nafuda. kake | Name Scroll |
下関 | shimo.seki | Lower Side/ barrier |
下座 | shimo.za | Lower Seat |
正面 | shou.men | Front Face/ Area |
畳 | tatami | Mat |
床の間 | toko.no.ma | Alcove for flowers or art |
合気道神社 | aikido jin.ja | aikido shrine |
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for practitioners and people associated with Aikido and martial arts.
固人々の種類 Hitobito no shurui
Kinds Of People
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
有段者 | yu.dan.sha | Dan Rank Person |
有級者 | yu.kyu.sha | Kyu Rank Person |
道場長 | dou.jo.chou | Dojo Leader |
道主 | do.shu | Aikikai Chairman |
合気道家 | aikido.ka | Aikido Practitioner |
副指導員 | fuku.shidoin | assistant Senior Instructor |
指導員 | shidoin | Senior Instructor |
学生 | gaku.sei | student |
先生 | sen.sei | teacher |
大先生 | O sen.sei | great teacher |
若先生 | waka sen.sei | young Teacher |
後輩 | kou.hai | junior |
先輩 | sen.pai | senior |
無段者 | mu.dan.sha | ungraded person |
投げ | na.ge | Thrown person |
受け | u.ke | Receiving Partner |
取り | to.ri | Taking Partner/ Executer |
稽古台 | kei.ko.dai | Training Partner |
師範 | shi.han | Master/ Expert |
武器(Buki) Weapons And 服(Fuku) Clothes
The names and pronunciation and Kanji for equipment used in Aikido practices and some general weaponary found in Japanese martial arts practices.
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
木刀 | bo.ken | Wood Sword |
袴 | hakama | Japanese Pleated Trousers |
居合刀 | i.ai.to | iaido blade |
棒 | bo | large staff |
杖 | jo | staff |
落とし | katana | japanese samurai sword |
脇差 | wakisashi | short sword |
竹刀 | shi.nai | bamboo sword |
短刀 | tan.tou | dagger |
稽古着 | kei.ko gi | training clothes |
足袋 | tabi boots | Split Toe Socks “Foot Pouch” |
帯 | obi | sash belt |
草履 | zori | sandles |
帯色 (Obi iro) Belt Colours
Kanji | Romaji | Rough Translation |
---|---|---|
白い帯 |
shiroi.obi |
White Belt |
赤い帯 |
akai.obi |
Red Belt |
黄色い帯 |
Kiroi.obi |
Yellow Belt |
橙帯 |
Dai.dai.obi |
Orange Belt |
緑帯 |
Midori.obi |
Green Belt |
青い帯 |
Aoi.obi |
Blue Belt |
茶色帯 |
Chya.iro.obi |
Brown Belt |
黒帯 |
Kuroi.obi |
Black Belt |